์ด ์„ธ์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์„ค์ •์ด ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋‹˜์˜ ๊ณ„์ • ์„ค์ •์„ ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋‚ด ๊ณ„์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ น ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‚ด ๊ณ„์ •์—์„œ ์–ธ์ œ๋“ ์ง€ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
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아커만시아 뮤시니필라에 관한 모든 것

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์˜ํ•™๊ณ„์— ํ˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ข…์˜ ํ”„๋กœ๋ฐ”์ด์˜คํ‹ฑ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์žฅ๋‚ด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์žฅ๋‚ด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ˆ˜์กฐ ๊ฐœ์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ(๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๋ฐ”์ด์˜คํƒ€)์˜ ์œ ์ „ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘๋งํ•  ํ•„์š” ์—†์ด ์žฅ๋‚ด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์›ฐ๋น™์— ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 

์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์žฅ๋‚ด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹ ์ฒด ์ฒด๊ณ„์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์†Œํ™”๊ธฐ, ๋ฉด์—ญ๊ณ„, ์ •์‹  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์žฅ๋‚ด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์ด ๊นจ์ง€๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์Šค ์ฐธ, ๋ณต๋ถ€ ํŒฝ๋งŒ๊ฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ„ํ—์ ์ธ ์†Œํ™” ์žฅ์•  ์ฆ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋น„๋งŒ, ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘, ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘, ์—ผ์ฆ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์ „์‹  ์ฆ์ƒ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ(Akkermansia muciniphila)๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋Š” ์žฅ ๋‚ด๋ฒฝ์„ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ(Insulin) ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„๋งŒ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜ˆ๋‹น์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ํŠนํžˆ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ด์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๋ฐ”์ด์˜คํ‹ฑ์Šค๋กœ์„œ๋„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ๋”์šฑ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํšจ๋Šฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 

์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ด์•„ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฃฝ์€ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ –์‚ฐ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฝํ† ๋ฐ”์‹ค๋Ÿฌ์Šค(Lactobacillus)๋น„ํ”ผ๋„๋ฐ•ํ„ฐ(Bifidobacter) ๊ฐ™์€ ํ”„๋กœ๋ฐ”์ด์˜คํ‹ฑ์Šค๋„ ์—ด๋กœ ์ฃฝ์ธ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ํšจ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ฃฝ์€ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์‚ด์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๋ฐ”์ด์˜คํ‹ฑ์Šค๋งŒ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์—…๊ณ„ ์ฃผ์žฅ์— ์ •๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—…๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋Š” ์ง‘๋ฝํ˜•์„ฑ๋‹จ์œ„(CFU, Colony-forming unit)๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด์—์„œ ์ž˜ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ๋Š” ์—…๊ณ„์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์ด ํ‹€๋ ธ์Œ์„ ์ž˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ 

์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์•ก์ธต์„ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์žฅ ๋‚ด๋ฒฝ์˜ ์ƒํ”ผ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ์ด ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ(Muciniphila)๋กœ ๋ช…๋ช…๋œ ์ด์œ ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ผํ‹ด์–ด์˜ ์ ‘๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ธ 'ํ•„๋ผ(Phila)'๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ๋Š” '๋ฎค์‹ (Mucin)์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค'๋Š” ๋œป์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ๋Š” ์žฅ ๋‚ด๋ฒฝ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ”ผ์„ธํฌ์™€ ํ—™๋ ฅํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฎค์‹ ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์žฅ ๋‚ด๋ฒฝ์ด ์†์ƒ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์—ฐํ•œ ์ผ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ์žฅ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žฅ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฅ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์™„ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์†Œํ™” ๋ฐ ํก์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์žฅ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์ด ์†์ƒ๋˜์–ด ์žฅ ์œ ๋ž˜ ๋…์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒด๋‚ด๋กœ ํก์ˆ˜๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํก์ˆ˜๋œ ๋…์†Œ๋Š” ๋ฉด์—ญ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž๊ทนํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ผ์ฆ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์žฅ์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜ํ•œ ๋…์†Œ๋Š” ๋น„์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ์„ฑ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ฐ„์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ด€์ ˆ์—ผ, ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ์žฅ์• , ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์งˆํ™˜, ๋‡Œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์žฅ์• ์˜ ์›์ธ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ „์‹  ์—ผ์ฆ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.1-6

์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ์™€ ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘

์ ์•ก์ธต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋„ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ํŠนํžˆ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ด ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ๋น„๋งŒ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ธ๊ฐ„ ์žฅ๋‚ด์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์ค‘ ์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋ฉด ๋น„๋งŒ, ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘, ์—ผ์ฆ, ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์žฅ๋‚ด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์ค‘ ์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋น„๋งŒ, ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘, ์—ผ์ฆ, ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์žฅ์•  ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘๋ฅ ์€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋งŒ, ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘, ์—ผ์ฆ, ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์žฅ์•  ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ ์•ก์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์ €ํ•˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์žฅ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์žฅ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋ฉด ๋งŽ์€ ์žฅ ์œ ๋ž˜ ๋…์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒด๋‚ด๋กœ ํก์ˆ˜๋˜์–ด ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ด‰๋ฐœํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋งŒ์„ฑ ์—ผ์ฆ ๋ฐ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.1-7

์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐํ˜€์ง„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค

์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜์€ 2019๋…„ 7์›” 1์ผ ๋„ค์ด์ฒ˜๋ฉ”๋””์‹ (Nature Medicine) ์˜จ๋ผ์ธํŒ์— ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ธ์ž(๋ณต๋ถ€๋น„๋งŒ, ํ˜ˆ์ค‘ ์ง€์งˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์•• ๋“ฑ)๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ์ „๋‹จ๊ณ„ ํ™˜์ž 32๋ช…์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ด์•„ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ €์˜จ ์‚ด๊ท ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ์—ด๋กœ ์ฃฝ์ธ ์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ ๋˜๋Š” ์œ„์•ฝ์„ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„๋กœ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์ค‘ ์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ๋กœ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์€ 3๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ๋งค์ผ ์•ฝ 100์–ต ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ์„ญ์ทจํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ๋Š” ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋Š” ์‹ ์ง„๋Œ€์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ๋Š” ์œ„์•ฝ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค๊ณผ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์—ผ์ฆ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ฆ์ง„ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ๋ฅผ ์„ญ์ทจํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์žฅ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์žฅ ์œ ๋ž˜ ๋…์†Œ์˜ ํก์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒด๋‚ด๋กœ ํก์ˆ˜๋˜๋Š” ์žฅ ์œ ๋ž˜ ๋…์†Œ๋Š” ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ์š”์ธ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ฃฝ์€ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋ž˜์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํŠน์ • ํ”„๋กœ๋ฐ”์ด์˜คํ‹ฑ์Šค์— ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์—ญ์„คํ•ด ์™”์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฃผ์žฅ์€ ๋ฌด์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœ๋ฐ”์ด์˜คํ‹ฑ์Šค ์—…๊ณ„๋Š” ์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ง‘๋ฝํ˜•์„ฑ๋‹จ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ค‘์š”์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถฐ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ƒ์กด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ฃฝ์€ ํ”„๋กœ๋ฐ”์ด์˜คํ‹ฑ์Šค์™€ ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ์  ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํšจ๋Šฅ์—๋Š” ์„ค์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์†Œํ™”๊ธฐ ๊ฐ์—ผ ์™„ํ™”, ๋ฉด์—ญ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ด, ์žฅ๋‚ด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์กฐ์ ˆ, ์†์ƒ๋œ ์žฅ ํšŒ๋ณต ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฃฝ์€ ํ”„๋กœ๋ฐ”์ด์˜คํ‹ฑ์Šค ์ œํ’ˆ์€ ๊ณ ์ŠคํŠธ ํ”„๋กœ๋ฐ”์ด์˜คํ‹ฑ์Šค, ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฐ”์ด์˜คํ‹ฑ์Šค(Postbiotics), ๋น„ํ™œ์„ฑ ํ”„๋กœ๋ฐ”์ด์˜คํ‹ฑ์Šค์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ผ ํ”„๋กœ๋ฐ”์ด์˜คํ‹ฑ์Šค(Para probiotics)๋กœ๋„ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ํšจ๋Šฅ์€ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ƒ์กด ์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€ ์ƒ๊ด€ ์—†์ด ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ์„ธํฌ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ ๋•ํƒ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.8 ์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํŠน์ง• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ด ์—‘์†Œํด๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ์นด๋ผ์ด๋“œ(Exopolysaccharide)๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ๋ฎ์—ฌ ์žˆ์–ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋ˆ์ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ˆ์ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์€ ์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ๋Š” ์„ธํฌ๋ง‰์— ๋ถ„ํฌํ•˜๋Š” Amuc_1100์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์œ ์ตํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํšจ๋Šฅ์˜ ๋น„๋ฐ€์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ •์ œ๋œ Amuc_1100์„ ์ฅ์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‚ด์•„ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์—ด๋กœ ์ฃฝ์ธ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์™€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ด๋กœ ์ฃฝ์ธ ์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ด์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ณด๋‹ค ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—‘์†Œํด๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ์นด๋ผ์ด๋“œ ์ธต์€ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ Amuc_1100์€ ์†์ƒ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Amuc_1100์€ ์žฅ ๋‚ด๋ฒฝ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธํฌ์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธํฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ขํžˆ๊ณ  ์—ผ์ฆ์„ ์ค„์ด๋ฉฐ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ, ๋น„์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ์„ฑ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ฐ„, ๋น„๋งŒ, ์ œ2ํ˜• ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ ์œ ๋ž˜ ๋…์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํก์ˆ˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๋ง‰์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.1-6

์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ์™€ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น ์กฐ์ ˆ

์‚ด์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๋ฐ”์ด์˜คํ‹ฑ์Šค๋กœ์„œ ์žฅ๋‚ด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ตฐ์˜ ์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ž„์ƒ์  ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ2ํ˜• ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž 76๋ช…์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ์ด์ค‘๋งน๊ฒ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ด์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ํด๋กœ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋””์›€ ๋ฒ ์ด์ œ๋ฆฐํ‚ค(Clostridium beijerinckii), ํด๋กœ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋””์›€ ๋ถ€ํ‹ฐ๋ฆฌ์ฟฐ(Clostridium butyricum), ๋น„ํ”ผ๋„๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์›€ ์ธํŒํ‹ฐ์Šค(Bifidobacterium infantis)์•„๋‚˜์—๋กœ๋ถ€ํ‹ฐ๋ฆฌ์ฟฐ ํ• ๋ฆฌ(Anaerobutyricum hallii)์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.9 ๋ฉ”ํŠธํฌ๋ฅด๋ฏผ(Metformin) ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณต์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ 12์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ๋งค์ผ 2ํšŒ 3์บก์Š์”ฉ ํ”„๋กœ๋ฐ”์ด์˜คํ‹ฑ์Šค๋ฅผ ์„ญ์ทจํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ ์œ„์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ˜ˆ๋‹น ์กฐ์ ˆ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 

๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ 12์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ํ”„๋กœ๋ฐ”์ด์˜คํ‹ฑ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ถฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ A1C ์ˆ˜์น˜์™€ ํ‘œ์ค€ 3์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹์‚ฌ ๋‚ด์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์˜ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น ์ธก์ •์น˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ธก์ •์น˜์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. A1C ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด 3๊ฐœ์›”์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น ์กฐ์ ˆ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœ๋ฐ”์ด์˜คํ‹ฑ์Šค๋ฅผ 12์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•œ ํ›„ ์ธก์ •ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ A1C ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” 0.6% ํ•˜๋ฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐœ์„  ํšจ๊ณผ์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค๋ฉด ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋„ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น ์กฐ์ ˆ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์žฅ๋‚ด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ตฐ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ธ ์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๋ฐ”์ด์˜คํ‹ฑ์Šค ๋ณด์ถฉ์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์‹œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋•๋Š” ์‹์ด ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์„ญ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์žฅ๋‚ด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์žฅ๋‚ด์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž”๋””๋ฐญ์„ ๊ฐ€๊พธ๋ ค๋ฉด ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ํ† ์–‘๊ณผ ๋น„๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์žฅ๋‚ด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ ์˜์–‘์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 

์žฅ๋‚ด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ๋ฐ”์ด์˜คํ‹ฑ์Šค์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋•๋Š” ์ ์ ˆํ•œ 'ํ† ์–‘'๊ณผ '๋น„๋ฃŒ'๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ํฌ๋“œ๋งต ์‹๋‹จ, ํ”Œ๋ผ๋ณด๋…ธ์ด๋“œ(Flavonoid), ํ”ผ์‰ฌ ์˜ค์ผ, ๋ฒ ๋ฅด๋ฒ ๋ฆฐ(Berberine)์ด ํŠนํžˆ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํฌ๋“œ๋งต ์‹๋‹จ์ด๋ž€?

ํฌ๋“œ๋งต(FODMAP)์€ ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ์•ฝ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ๋ฐœํšจ๋‹น(Fermentable): ์žฅ๋‚ด ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„ํ•ด(๋ฐœํšจ)๋˜๋Š” ์‹ํ’ˆ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋‹น(Oligosaccharides): '์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ (Oligo)'๋Š” '์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ ๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋ฉฐ '์‚ฌ์นด๋ผ์ด๋“œ(Saccharide)'๋Š” ๋‹น์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋‹น ๋ถ„์ž๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹จ๋‹น๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์Šฌ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝฉ์€ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋‹น์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์›์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์ด๋‹น๋ฅ˜(Disaccharides, ๋””์‚ฌ์นด๋ผ์ด๋“œ): '๋””(Di)'๋Š” 2๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋‹น๋ฅ˜๋Š” 2๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ๋‹น๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๋‹น(Sucrose)์€ ์ด๋‹น๋ฅ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ๋‹จ๋‹น๋ฅ˜(Monosaccharides, ๋ชจ๋…ธ์‚ฌ์นด๋ผ์ด๋“œ): '๋ชจ๋…ธ(Mono)'๋Š” 1๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋‹จ๋‹น๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋‹น์œผ๋กœ ๋‹จ์ˆœ๋‹น์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๋‹น(Fructose)์€ ๋‹จ๋‹น๋ฅ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ (And) 
  • ํด๋ฆฌ์˜ฌ(Polyol): ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹น์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์ผ๋ฆฌํ†จ(Xylitol), ๋งํ‹ฐํ†จ(Maltitol), ์—๋ฆฌ์Šค๋ฆฌํ†จ(Erythritol)์„ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ชจ๋“  ํฌ๋“œ๋งต ์‹ํ’ˆ์ด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์ข‹์€ ํฌ๋“œ๋งต์ด ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ์‹ํ’ˆ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.10

  • ์ฑ„์†Œ: ์•„ํ‹ฐ์ดˆํฌ, ์•„์ŠคํŒŒ๋ผ๊ฑฐ์Šค, ๋ธŒ๋กœ์ฝœ๋ฆฌ, ๋น„ํŠธ๋ฃจํŠธ, ๋ธŒ๋คผ์…€ ์ฝฉ๋‚˜๋ฌผ, ์–‘๋ฐฐ์ถ”, ์ฝœ๋ฆฌํ”Œ๋ผ์›Œ, ๋งˆ๋Š˜, ํšŒํ–ฅ, ๋ฆฌํฌ(Leek), ๋ฒ„์„ฏ, ์˜คํฌ๋ผ(Okra), ์–‘ํŒŒ, ์™„๋‘์ฝฉ, ์ƒฌ๋กฏ
  • ๊ณผ์ผ: ์‚ฌ๊ณผ, ์‚ด๊ตฌ, ๋ธ”๋ž™๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ, ๋ณด์ด์  ๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ, ์ฒด๋ฆฌ, ๋Œ€์ถ”์•ผ์ž, ๋ฌดํ™”๊ณผ, ๋ฐฐ, ๋ณต์ˆญ์•„, ์ˆ˜๋ฐ•
  • ์ฝฉ๋ฅ˜: ์ฝฉ, ๋ณ‘์•„๋ฆฌ์ฝฉ, ๋ Œํ‹ธ์ฝฉ, ๋ถ‰์€ ๊ฐ•๋‚ญ์ฝฉ, ๊ตฌ์šด ์ฝฉ, ๋Œ€๋‘
  • ๊ธ€๋ฃจํ…์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ณก๋ฌผ: ๊ท€๋ฆฌ, ์•„๋งˆ๋ž€์Šค(Amaranth), ๋ฉ”๋ฐ€, ์Œ€(ํ˜„๋ฏธ, ๋ฐฑ๋ฏธ, ์•ผ์ƒ์Œ€), ๊ธฐ์žฅ, ํ€ด๋…ธ์•„, ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜

์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ผ๋ณด๋…ธ์ด๋“œ

์‹๋ฌผ ์ƒ‰์†Œ์ธ ํ”Œ๋ผ๋ณด๋…ธ์ด๋“œ(Flavonoid)๋Š” ๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ผ, ๋…น์ฐจ, ๋‹คํฌ ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ, ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ ์žŽ ์ฑ„์†Œ, ์ฝฉ๋ฅ˜์— ๋“ค์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์ข‹์€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”Œ๋ผ๋ณด๋…ธ์ด๋“œ๋Š” ์žฅ๋‚ด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ํ”Œ๋ผ๋ณด๋…ธ์ด๋“œ๋Š” ์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.10,11 ๋˜ํ•œ ํ”Œ๋ผ๋ณด๋…ธ์ด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ์œ ๋œ ์‹ํ’ˆ์€ ์žฅ๋‚ด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ตฐ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์ข‹์€ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์„ฑ๋ถ„(์˜ˆ: ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋ฐ”์ด์˜คํ‹ฑ์Šค์ธ ์„ฌ์œ ์†Œ)๋„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”Œ๋ผ๋ณด๋…ธ์ด๋“œ์˜ ์ผ์ข…์ธ ํ€˜๋ฅด์„ธํ‹ด(Quercetin)๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์„๋ฅ˜ํฌ๋„์”จ์†Œ๋‚˜๋ฌด ๊ป์งˆ๋…น์ฐจ, ๋ธ”๋ฃจ๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ๋„ ์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 

์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ”ผ์‰ฌ ์˜ค์ผ

ํ”ผ์‰ฌ ์˜ค์ผ์— ํ•จ์œ ๋œ EPA์™€ DHA ๋“ฑ ์˜ค๋ฉ”๊ฐ€3๋Š” ์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์žฅ๋‚ด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์— ์œ ์ตํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.13

์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ ๋ฅด๋ฒ ๋ฆฐ

๋ฒ ๋ฅด๋ฒ ๋ฆฐ(Berberine)์€ ๊ณจ๋“ ์‹ค(Hydrastis canadensis), ๋งค์ž๋‚˜๋ฌด(Berberis vulgaris)๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹๋ฌผ์— ํ•จ์œ ๋œ ์•Œ์นผ๋กœ์ด๋“œ(Alkaloid)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ ๋ฅด๋ฒ ๋ฆฐ์€ ์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์†Œํ™”๊ธฐ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์žฅ๋‚ด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ตฐ์— ์•„์ฃผ ์œ ์ตํ•œ ํšจ๋Šฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํšจ๋Šฅ ๋•ํƒ์— ์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ๋ฒ ๋ฅด๋ฒ ๋ฆฐ ๋ณด์ถฉ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น ๊ฐœ์„ , ์ฒด์ค‘ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ํ˜ˆ์ค‘ ์ง€์งˆ ์ˆ˜์น˜ ์ •์ƒํ™”, ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.14

๊ฒฐ๋ก 

์ง€์ค‘ํ•ด์‹ ์‹๋‹จ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์‹๋‹จ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์œ ์ตํ•œ ํŠน์ง• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„์ปค๋งŒ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฎค์‹œ๋‹ˆํ•„๋ผ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์–‘์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ‚คํ† ์‹, ํŒ”๋ ˆ์˜ค ์‹๋‹จ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋Œ€์ค‘์ ์ธ ์‹๋‹จ์€ ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹๋‹จ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์€ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋ฐ”์ด์˜คํ‹ฑ์Šค, ํ”Œ๋ผ๋ณด๋…ธ์ด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ, ํ”ผ์‰ฌ ์˜ค์ผ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๋†์ถ•๋œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์Šคํ”ผ๋ฃฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜, ๋ณด๋ฆฌ์‹น ์ฃผ์Šค, ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์•ผ์ฑ„ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ์„ญ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ:

  1. Pellegrino A, Coppola G, Santopaolo F, et al. Role of Akkermansia in Human Diseases: From Causation to Therapeutic Properties. Nutrients. 2023 Apr 8;15(8):1815. 
  2. Jian H, Liu Y, Wang X, et al. Akkermansia muciniphila as a Next-Generation Probiotic in Modulating Human Metabolic Homeostasis and Disease Progression: A Role Mediated by Gut-Liver-Brain Axes? Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Feb 15;24(4):3900.
  3. Cani PD, Depommier C, Derrien M, et al. Akkermansia muciniphila: a paradigm for next-generation beneficial microorganisms. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022 Oct;19(10):625-637. doi: 10.1038/s41575-022-00631-9. Epub 2022 May 31. Erratum in: Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022 Jun 23;: PMID: 35641786.
  4. Zhang T, Li Q, Cheng L, Buch H, Zhang F. Akkermansia muciniphila is a promising probiotic. Microb Biotechnol. 2019 Nov;12(6):1109-1125.
  5. Rodrigues VF, Elias-Oliveira J, Pereira รS, et al. Akkermansia muciniphila and Gut Immune System: A Good Friendship That Attenuates Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Obesity, and Diabetes. Front Immunol. 2022 Jul 7;13:934695.
  6. Sanjiwani MID, Aryadi IPH, Semadi IMS. Review of Literature on Akkermansia muciniphila and its Possible Role in the Etiopathogenesis and Therapy of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc. 2022;37(1):69-74.
  7. Depommier C, Everard A, Druart C, et al. Supplementation with Akkermansia muciniphila in overweight and obese human volunteers: a proof-of-concept exploratory study. Nat Med. 2019 Jul;25(7):1096-1103.
  8. Monteiro SS, Schnorr CE, Pasquali MAB. Paraprobiotics and Postbiotics-Current State of Scientific Research and Future Trends toward the Development of Functional Foods. Foods. 2023 Jun 16;12(12):2394.  
  9. Perraudeau F, McMurdie P, Bullard J, et al. Improvements to postprandial glucose control in subjects with type 2 diabetes: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial of a novel probiotic formulation. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2020 Jul;8(1):e001319.
  10. Chu N, Chan JC, Chow E. Is a diet high in FODMAPs as a novel dietary strategy in diabetes? Clin Nutr. 2022 Oct;41(10):2103-2112.
  11. Xu B, Qin W, Xu Y, et al. Dietary Quercetin Supplementation Attenuates Diarrhea and Intestinal Damage by Regulating Gut Microbiota in Weanling Piglets. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021 Dec 13;2021:6221012. doi: 10.1155/2021/6221012. PMID: 34950418; PMCID: PMC8689231.
  12. Rodrรญguez-Daza MC, de Vos WM. Polyphenols as Drivers of a Homeostatic Gut Microecology and Immuno-Metabolic Traits of Akkermansia muciniphila: From Mouse to Man. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Dec 20;24(1):45.
  13. Roussel C, Anunciaรงรฃo Braga Guebara S, et al. Short-term supplementation with ฯ‰-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids modulates primarily mucolytic species from the gut luminal mucin niche in a human fermentation system. Gut Microbes. 2022 Jan-Dec;14(1):2120344.
  14. Dong C, Yu J, Yang Y, Zhang F, Su W, Fan Q, Wu C, Wu S. Berberine, a potential prebiotic to indirectly promote Akkermansia growth through stimulating gut mucin secretion. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021 Jul;139:111595.

๋ฉด์ฑ…์‚ฌํ•ญ:์›ฐ๋‹ˆ์Šค ํ—ˆ๋ธŒ์˜ ์ทจ์ง€๋Š” ์˜ํ•™์ ์ธ ์ง„๋‹จ์ด๋‚˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ